S

S - Abbreviation for 1 Stimulus; See S⁺, S^-, S-R, S^∆, S^D 2 Subject. 3 In some older writings, sensation. This last use is usually restricted to instances in which R is used for stimulus; see REIZ. 4 In psychophysics, standard.

'S' - the pseudonym (his real name was Soloman Shereshevskii) of a mnemonist studied by Alexander Luria. A man of average intelligence, S's seemingly inexhaustible memory capacity was aided by his use of a variety of mnemonic devices and coding schemes, a remarkable ability to form associations between things and a most unusual and bizarrely developed synaesthesia.

S^c, S_c conditioned stimulus, CS is preferred.

S^D drive stimulus

S^D abbreviation for discriminative stimulus. In operant-conditioning studies, S^D denotes the stimulus in the presence of which responses are reinforced and S^∆ the stimulus in the presence of which responses go unreinforced. Compare with S⁺ and  S^-.

S^∆  See the discussion under S^D

S⁺, S^-  In discrimination-learning experiments, the positive stimulus (responses to which are reinforced)is generally denoted as S⁺ and the negative stimulus (responses to which go unreinforced) by S^- In this sense S⁺ = S^D and S^-= S^∆

S^c, S^c Unconditioned stimulus, UC and UCS are more common.

s 1 sensation 2 the standard deviation in a data sample 3 any variable stimulus. This use is generally restricted to the area of psychophysics

s^g a fractional goal stimulus

s² variance

s_x standard error of the mean

SAC stimulus as coded

saccade a quick eye movement, a jump of the eyes from one fixation point to another. Saccadic movements are seen most clearly during reading and the scanning of visual displays. The eye was once thought to be functionally blind during a saccade: it is now known that some vision does occur although fine details are not picked up. Saccades toward an object are sometimes termed prosaccades, those away, antisaccades. They may be either voluntary or automatic. vb., saccade.

saccadic disymmetria - ocular disymmetria

saccule - the smaller of the two vestibular sacs in the inner ear. Like the utricle, it is approximately round in shape and has a layer of receptors in its 'floor' that respond to changes in the orientation of the head.

sacral pertaining to the area around and including the sacrum

sacral division  a division of the autonomic nervous system

sacred - characterizing aspects of a society that are treated with great respect. They may be physical objects (i.e. a cross, an ark), or they may be spiritual, supernatural, or even emerging ideas derived from  the shared values of a society (e.g. patriotism). In the social sciences the term encompasses more than the religious or the divine; in fact, it can be taken to refer to anything which is not to be taken frivolously.